JFIFPhotoshop 3.08BIMz@Supercomputer Simulations Uncover How Bacterial Enzyme Pumps Sod720260515PSCIENMAGUAuthorlSupercomputer Simulations Uncover How Bacterial Enzyme Pumps Sodium Ions, Opening Doors to Novel Antibiotics Science@https://scienmag.com/supercomputer-simulations-uncover-how-bacte© 2026 Sciencehttps://scienmag.com/The Na⁺-pumping NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (Na⁺-NQR) enzyme plays a pivotal role in the bioenergetics of numerous pathogenic bacteria, including the agent responsible for cholera. Its function as a molecular motor enables these microorganisms to generate the essential electrochemical gradients required for survival and virulence. Unlike many human enzymes that convert energy through proton gradients, Na⁺-NQR utilizes […]ScienceBioBiologyBiology)AI-enhanced computational biology methods antibiotic drug target discovery:bacterial Na⁺-pumping NADH-quinone oxidoreductase enzyme+challenges in structural biology of enzymes cholera pathogen enzyme function)dynamic conformational changes of enzymes4electrochemical gradients in bacterial bioenergetics%molecular motor mechanism in bacteria,novel antibiotics targeting sodium ion pumps)selective inhibition of bacterial enzymes+sodium ion transport in pathogenic bacteria,supercomputer simulations in enzyme researchC    !'"#%%%),($+!$%$C   $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$";!1AQa"q2Rb$B#43C1!1"AQ2a#Rq3B ?拓ug?Q[ž!"Dnpv R%IEt\6 Rmϥw豐" IYYpfLVA y-"|{!_ZBXءJgKHlGVǵJk|i֮雛/y\'\-cter EC%"{_tnĊPg}5S˥Fnܮ!V1iâ[4it M#po5-mVӜ~hA PcGz3 Ru{QC3["PF!$;\ &ExC))N;`Mim kee8?5Tܹ}1KNx pfGy{rKJ,Kelrq^/6#ucx.CƔZ-v}"N1ɪua67s/Jw|ыYX~|%m6KHnP?`6:~7Ux9g(;=z-Ln*ZE+qcX'q=gf@m7[bѱ.#fet#dEqNStS\8 N 2ߗ/{r\+m}EݵB20W?֏xLKxG%rB,:2A-iY8gޗH>pM;*Wc > ?,HP'څ69TzOj?9#WuLx7%f(JIPGPQt}1i$}:B$xʖV1âu}eT\Q?j ߪ I>M./b"EYn5&, 7б%Cw`͎ma̓!&JNՄUv3S%Bw#\ui$Ե/1 ۻ*JO"j9]^J>A ((_)4Wnd(L8ە)5m"@yg'9&}mj$Y3zefvñ)Si5w%DcⒽ!wUHm#xVKGԃI9j\ٽ6*rUS+)QP #4Ez2%%)) 3h}3]Z!X'iF6tFDwғ%}W=b9~1m&?H-?7-Qlv>JP S i e6KZq1.[և9[:սٟS(Qu \->W5s֋%iYxv h!+ՉvneLf;2t<'? xi\C#ouMٰӍezmďdl0z }I rF>){y+UƤšnWb[(yD)lǚ },iWtM-)#M\f\f(q(=ܜczt_sm+aQB$%biڢgώ ~3Ox P\ӍoSeQہ57KtvvٲAkRPpH;WXB=COVJɬƻC񦒕{О-!0{%GLg@å 3hH-+?mČeaMVjkZRY A'-t3#XXN9W~*E3`*9'jԢ&Cx_(b1Eb =YKWTx՘d} [u<]̣-cqhN>m'ɯ7cюzI<9P#w.5d\BlJGjRvq\ż^ sXٿԫU[߷*Iuvv{2m -R8?ʩle'}qz74붢I/DegwֆRT7ډ l)6Jm+" cW"BӝY( I=PqBrjQt=?;3Q.: :{6B= (}я-_ͽ \H:=c惌ܥ*]sĄ5>HDm=(CEk_:[HQpA55]5Vl6lSޠixtWǯaǕK*i,_a#8846v>+-j[<+=a6qX9m8.dKk*kH ?Zl8_MmN>J0V=K՚Ԃ4PKcr{czo'qR\+☑K F`#`g*Ey46am\R c'V{2xH \Y'qY,`\-߾!,)%h?b}7ܵ.Ɉ‹r[O X9?Qo3*W-&=;/6 ~P8[59ّVGU uXVUwsONkDmv)? 'jSZu-$tc2H`2nc в(ORj8=Фu{ZBtiP 4)E9ifb`j.m-mB:!}?N:A?oT@\բÍ!9'߂!A&45ngaVFv!#$͢6LbhvwuҴbE5u6#^R+P GtK4 )ɸL"S2vpv19եPHRXm{ 'R= ]0Q36J%9%I)AH'{۷i܇rEXg2\0^7FvG[ LG!8BgYKO\M,1 eӤ888%]\)mw+.tT▯LĩJĖROuay!LqI7 [9WЅ3p5ex$Tjmc:2\u%1#%C g qOަ(-@?$uV6ma89-Tlsizo6vSj9-O|Қ[|:RIB.jG^ˣ|kAc4:SoH1M%({^Vp23K.Ff[ͶTx,MoPt$yְԆB4vuh3c6.],}9!qY+FrZ@ E-_` <ʻ=L qGdý2bT;RutUoFAi*9#ڒw')AjWRBϴmkGkr־趡b sjLI3* EM.oU7: R '?Oܳ]k 10Z5AL#oVy;O+uv4lB9lFV{Jh])T߸ X$~"m!eVQ:īZ-/#ElwTN y⎴WiTK?kJ!>1s3ޮP\@YjX'_BW(4ɛkyo6v%`{grA*NqOZBĭ{|UME~2#v$#㱡= MR*5/}0eJ>I;X~ = |b3im(2lRJMW y-$>kڠH)BO*Mi]Na?|C3H.M EIrg?@ŵʆPYPnhHlAzbrH_j@']ɲBP\&ǡl3McMvʄJQS_i$rS5*{C0NC2Ɏ\y zϥBB W+9>KW\Y. Rd6I<'5pzDN:ٶ]]vZRv,F{UrPx'<q$+i1rvoQ!+9:;RKj5HJ堍bLj)si/O5_hRzX<ԣhD[GK9)RT @wFi/-#YH*ٹ/^m;+zթ{m)8;H^Ѣ:sʿaj#lPƭ80f#S`j]91~Vk˷F(ɪxG7(ԳjKHunnOF784i|وŔop뫗 TTF=@X5Oj l(HXؽNSSϠd##ڍ]` A{\9sʲ^Isgaq eR޷uoMS͵~*CXZJf:s\k،F*VrWf}+SJ$g{P ]Bj*.Xu|{%Hچ5࿆Oyis޷h'ta#>.wyO8ԥz&V{,oe\4ci+E3(KkapIhÊ)fMRH U)a҆.QieҘZq^YvI@yLU)4r?H]u~Ux'HTJ*PRV dRGO0;x|?Rͼ/s5ۥ\{TWiiuMFGޚMuS=*TR.o L8R\ԩVԩ\Ww(՝kRTJ'xpv|TRhO