JFIFHPhotoshop 3.08BIM,BUnlocking Time’s Secrets in Heat Transfer: A Breakthrough Operat720260612PSCIENMAGUAuthoroUnlocking Time’s Secrets in Heat Transfer: A Breakthrough Operator Learning Approach for Thermal Retrodiction Science@https://scienmag.com/unlocking-times-secrets-in-heat-transfer-a-© 2026 Sciencehttps://scienmag.com/In a groundbreaking advancement poised to transform the landscape of thermal analysis and inverse problem-solving, a team of researchers from Zhejiang University and Fudan University has unveiled a novel deep learning framework capable of reversing the arrow of time in thermal diffusion processes. Published in the prestigious journal National Science Review, this breakthrough addresses one […]ScienceChe Chemistry Chemistry.computational methods for thermal retrodiction!deep learning in thermal analysis.entropy and information loss in heat diffusion'heterogeneous material thermal modeling%ill-posed inverse problems in physics/initial state reconstruction in thermal systemsinverse heat transfer problemsirreversible thermal processes$operator learning for heat diffusion-second law of thermodynamics in heat transferthermal retrodiction techniques$Zhejiang University thermal researchC    !'"#%%%),($+!$%$C   $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$"K !1AQ"a2qBRs#$35Tr%4SbtDUc<!1AQa"q2R#34BSbr ?RJ9#%_9^[J^lpVg6i1,ʗ-'yQf d tS1ڴOq9Jb\Za)> B-#}N\J~P4%FTuQ('!C5Q5|# mH{P|O: %BR(u­cF%ь ';")vD]" Jn$'OO?ͫ)rKs潵p*7{9E-GXVo/c^ku! *Q:WwPLPE;oB?x,??hO#U?eKj' 8jNꍡ$M6$vN e5ɑ/W-mi;#΁KN ze熽kmŊk1LhMOR9ߖҩEco4J*T:R2pAR%(FSK A!@LcHF@bIgtH{-( %IoR}4}₩J]66(@ʜ0&6VR$%rVx(yZeiS8Qi4Dg]>  Cq O hh)+^x!q:w #< 7ʖ!XAU=$7 FZn2,*CM( Nuu=T:;(: /Pg#p7򏾉%+Ga#T `7ndsBWm:Vp"?|Ft59c[$# п~?횮LN}j^ۭ.27pMTbsN>?5b!qA(($Uſ5E*pN5QPfQkmӣOA=QmfYpy;}j#BD23o3x,7fX9ZYIHQ6@Bw&u_J/Smj 'l.푦\ƥGQ&.lKJTn` δ7${Hȩա9{( MK,Zr--<{* qf5X0q^V峪qr0j.K+:k4UG `~KyiI.6 ? Dݖp1;NK ҈\G!We%37oH)J]N{!N:c+c;fؓSF&+I7%܎ 2Mk&󭪷ε΅K`G$ y)k6޶iu6i$SIhQ, )Md9us&J#@n5ă2 .[,ۑqsCNRy) )os?:ѴL {DTwʒcx!dZә݅!.FݒGh[{uph]v"![&DyiPACKb,S*b_4. .΄b2 0S5)fw_}O J҃85z̻Mli$P9kAY҆ksr,$"$ [xw2:pJdd<"琽鄅nIve4PӤNp_tա>i6屲{- cGqRܓhԔZN0tOן*Y/ۍzn-U#Uq덂_1@02g!ti9R_ bo' nsW7,MBFd] [GW|$◜$&>-̷ǚje*!KwxqV+̍gdhUFNP"S zN#Rw(oGTRl:'Of#.3O H]v.0A[gB˂S)9],޾[7޵qSс oǟZค-]f{#%xXe; N x#D&s†jr=ߪlٶNqhK#,G'=@{Mh-?zt r_5r'}Cwǥ)χ]986ʷ*" >![ @f*lս6sy,+ R0wdY{bK Ki($+ ׍(\ٸ4E~H9# s~Ttyp xA ,ݏH@t, YIi}Ȱ/D󄒔49 )FFD(T魫)VM-}qQŒ]{/tԃ\|dҨi'~|e'c~*Q}arTo"OڪrJ(# &wqhP .+SBD4^8hE<4)賵ĵ6 qHԻw3م iW·^.kZ"8yA;>TWcjn2WmqV;D+wH7)>p#T.ޙemWJ,ˊ E/NKQlTTqH̚wh!ݓڷYZ2w4CE91a/D蕓 &Ms`_'ZaNڹ`3LDESl:%<@ n8:`y lCfc;itF ԀOT/§ VO_>G@{\A~KI,JrâHu}X /\U-+GyIHRTqUpn%%𧑸H%`NA_e)nm,eG0<N]^ 5/:\NVԞgr\xϩ-l}U)N7הFxQrB$4)'pJPbZsJ1ww6{|uT,=e3iCW8aj9 }e w<(VտrN~-OQ9>lO_ *GTټrzgjڸ_*1WI:Gpݓ~IbqVw7v4~ Kݼv.&4e>7:s;t!2!xz -rR;W5 R_NinÞ*Y>{GToqN췫t&k7RՠlY;![έK>u--mJU7qW=VsVj-#C+/Pg&ԇ".CxFl|TN!> 2u0ߨfd5kfklYp;8۫AJuo6 &&;!wpuZAٔϑ)ːҬ8'_aHr(-0T@,hj0uxxw4%&:4\iA}VHθ:ވK.Zd)SNiAcVz#)P'}J <_],]hK.ӔG8tVڭvF)RKxVc= >G7]C!\0(;qsxnyyRɑIL .u9i>*vq=o9(<)žJw[x_Ww%|%g,24?u gc:|*៲e9˳pw]`^'R71iGbd/ZTΘI>L?My}Ʌ4ߚv(OU+GbK}_z7K8Ռ# *J*9Q$הk7Id@*(f <ZS,!yl2e/ky)f!2PiV4 K;gfjѾͦ~_(y I PtrQc-N}GDr~Yb5L jHS<GP##gˎw!BAʜٮ1&dӏi.6+uZQllL/BVJNG}ΗZ|ŒnV.-o-Q$Kkc/:2)"Zi IO%t$%H*#>" l7Ñ\0wBB^OWDuϖ*O?u]D\& s@'[6j1*_{ctѴc9J^_vyĘ>93m&ʌ$g{Aܙqud-g\diCl®S1$_?*+gR%MϗnT.ޜF !M/qռT̚#oZas|~Hw)3@㩡jT!d.ܔ<Zo} @CZ)G$tLL\nMѴl&%`/p< |AU%o8QM%9)Z5TKSz#[qߚˣl+?k|ݢ!)­Źtۭ a%6ANJ-&;dI}Y4>o7pL[>'Jm$yq>f/UG'ugד4Nss9@%PH^CvnT}g|H%(W3cvYF S\3l) i97zK\\ ='stZ*gTG|HƄ2m2ǻn2hc:ԭ*T])u|֧-,m ^:TGlK5~ЏQ}u#5*Q ߕ=˙AϙWiMJ=O{"Dw*TC+