JFIFPhotoshop 3.08BIMn@Silicon photonic integrated-circuit RF spectrum analyzer achieve720260813PSCIENMAGUAuthordSilicon photonic integrated-circuit RF spectrum analyzer achieves 10 MHz resolution across broadband Science@https://scienmag.com/silicon-photonic-integrated-circuit-rf-spec© 2026 Sciencehttps://scienmag.com/Radio-frequency signals surround modern life, carrying data through mobile networks, satellites, radar systems, navigation equipment and countless wireless devices. Yet seeing those signals clearly remains a demanding engineering task. Conventional RF spectrum analyzers can be highly precise, but their performance often comes with a trade-off: instruments designed for very wide frequency coverage may be expensive, […]ScienceTecTechnology and EngineeringTechnology and Engineering10 MHz spectral resolution*advanced RF spectrum analyzer technologies+broadband radio-frequency spectrum analysisbroadband RF measurement!high-bandwidth RF signal analysis'high-resolution RF spectrum measurement.integrated photonic chip for spectrum analysis-optical processing of radio-frequency signals$optical-electronic signal conversion-photonic circuit-based RF measurement devices)photonic signal processing in RF analysis8Silicon photonic integrated-circuit RF spectrum analyzerC    !'"#%%%),($+!$%$C   $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$"?!1A"Qa2q#BR$r34CDSbc;!1AQaq"234RBb#CSr ?-kǝ5eVq4LC:HN mͶl5,:,ZTM{@#zqgNd,3h_-%[' i]U -;`)·TN }C ;]M>VAqE3v\W6H|':{*7)1V`nP%qWzE ХPVt>e%#5aޮ rlklW+6eyspR≻w%3cq|D _G sEŠ(O+V+boD0T<y2&kF'W #5 +RUNw"P,Bɩ^ ^+볊p[/Y8zFAڔ*9N+sNyfiAOJB]V(T_e[6>kh_ Ӎ2ӷH'b+O-(܃@$;><-)6DEp*lvjmJF~mm=qEX2I%CZ~`ۉz!ڊ]͹'c4Sm$pǘV+f<6gb{SU4duYvC4f܂+11Yٔt Y6+trj#5TR.KEv$n n+֜ cֳ/>&Z@sFӟ2HU]U3R \pꚡCiQ3jQ@۷ r[}R'Hڨ4+WM SB=[ܚqMj@]cKn42EZr+, 'B͹qHΥcuJimK"HIWE ҜgP~E#[zO:r8m/8A0m!$վhGfT1Y7D: RR' +3?O)y)c>eCzۗҶ^#onuHKR@)VCشvGJ&|ֲmnJpv²ʺ:A .c>mAV3{OSn!+NTRHǡ$.kϐAVL#8' T6ٖ<'sLԮJJOk~Ů%0ȢlKfRIi`FSP̩&Jʸ:8IOڷ0l!Єq_DKd5#:ǵ|ΤکB iD}k:䓷$yζٕK [J-(;f )hFpP23Uzjo:ʝOu٠ P|h ⅷ/WZRRh)#҂\g (֞0HRYNIܜ굺ԁ˥LH|#%WRR(3'ݕ0ưŊs֭Wn3WnbĢ)-wȃRq JM&yAn w ٚ:w7f\{ɝ R'mk\ R@ΗtHq=%u;10ۍ,] ߱XaM )#ӝ#-:4`tz&3!Ѻ7bau&𤴜F+@'6IQ{e^|$$dyti2v*}N4V2W\?#@ed*W${I*ƕ%:NT zKYױ{UvE}*9|g@.]<6IyАҀg9f~F4S[t1 ğ0#6ں]P,)ť!`TfTNRs|n4ѾŠ;aUa:f3*MWRS)J@>– ٕt`u-8 V̲AfZ%Q$|9"G$;-yѪ3!ui]; j-=]!?Jc$X,{NHEœ6{/'}_nrȑ5.i9WvpSuP NhA|ASqHIA%R}#/ۧ_uXe|=ҕ`Ph<ڔB/Rdw'~}},eD.LT7(A#ߊ|ڮD,O%:Zsax֐1.v Rs>6|6i~/e/-Tu?Ia)?g\nnSv' )B-I JO68*m*!,'* 8U7O]`si-=O=f3kuE|E+6-q7)A+`( RkyTѕ>RaKG œH.3ʥ [pu98&fݹl;v s3 ena#oGrnvICcRJ^wˌ #,dZKxR6JҲt}3\k3@ &\VɸKm좄۷iW,vh8 '|y E|yܡ7j;_m[H (d}U_[=8^s tN8Ӷxw[몊|HBp N7[M; aiuვheE)h ؏\v=[HNHBבsxRmCaV)H"ǧp[QM2E iLs#$nWRh GVkAh8RT0B=i0LrRT^Nѓd|!CutI⳹W4%Dp ]r:KR’pEjKJ%> F*8'F<9j .lcMڒH)P#b1REx S #?P푋dx7u5V'%r#dװz nա9bsZ"q Jq } WjV=7rr7Y#3lO=ڣ4rFp7Qs*v>[RN,4G`džƹ4GsA]g0-[# x € t&0It U53ph OT\/Q]hL1O*B1x(2b1D$!*l*>'a! gGz~ %m'$sX^)$lO߽8i=O[5,M}۠̿a?'{V pÌJuFgʔOoۗSuJKid 1՟$&9.+Z^D<0p1AT:@tQ%\QFAwǏkt9 ʖc)*Q)bی)E׎SCrK1MCܭ^38{)(>3&S(/xT j䗁úq`)s8W$XhF ߌ puop Lkxm/ޞ&c&MKV*95k%s34l+/ }iIE§hlȋM#\{Q^b:a$9 dzkUEdZ. ̆YvOkW- Gc7dWUJʁ) N NTO÷!lCB'BtIe$()#t)!*YKՊԧ |?ΦjO 6E ^Zk#i,#N e˺; Uvrr4+Z?=SG)u{$Bp(R,w㻪O2׌?=jTD(