JFIFPhotoshop 3.08BIM@Recovering Valuable Resources from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cat720260821PSCIENMAGUAuthoriRecovering Valuable Resources from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Challenges and Future Technologies Science@https://scienmag.com/recovering-valuable-resources-from-spent-li© 2026 Sciencehttps://scienmag.com/The world’s fast-growing fleet of electric vehicles and the rapid replacement of smartphones, laptops, and other electronic devices are creating a looming waste challenge: millions of lithium-ion batteries approaching the end of their useful lives. Inside these batteries are valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, and aluminum—materials that could form a major […]ScienceTecTechnology and EngineeringTechnology and Engineering3bibliometric analysis of battery recycling research2challenges in lithium-ion battery waste management3chemical and ecological safety in battery recycling circular economy for electronics.economic analysis of battery material recovery'environmental risks of battery disposal)future technologies for battery recycling9innovations in sustainable battery recycling technologies.life-cycle assessment of lithium-ion batterieslithium-ion battery recyclingurban mining of battery metals+valuable metal recovery from spent cathodesC    !'"#%%%),($+!$%$C   $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$">!1A"Qaq#2BRbr$3Cs$!1AQ"2Baq ?_u+zWIM-M-ԡ276xCt)l "w[Fyc^dE,{YtgF@ctkSp2SZif=W[*׌ߌI} K.'$2W /rjcVV\8&3EFnA#8kOihGfiݣW|*F\X9Ru%FPd'֌QSLc z:óx<&O֙@VؑoCCԝix^pe6F>S0Itl$BS+@AqHϓf$ xEq)=+lxm=ħpE۫紿GUv98$mY;FjSeJm4T3/ #i0Q@$Ot%ՈVהJN頻"[dc7F5$'ھ Xaz3ޅ] 5<ά@LǠ*e|̄,|6+.YGDű<ť\F;`%v/0"skQP[՜3Ք)ٹX".^qnzڭ@DEtZ#f*$Gx~1AO/2#!b#".mZKoI9.SGJ;GˍPB'R({Ui"#GYqi?ziͶnGP)_*w/e%m)I# 5W[<%_蹕a VҒ8[4E <^3T})u_o QFv&&XkH :%% go:F>e=P“MgtZu44$%p (n|ԭ^[ / ߚjB\c+I؏p<AtYCVnKƆT+O1A;~!.B.W;ZYG ߏOJD -c2wEZb@oHRNGjxACrs  b߈STe(s_ ro{)嚑Ҏof-D'b# >?Nˮ ͬq?JSF}zEj(kr%OMBAGm Ƴ" w}ip։ɐZbW((w/3ӮAP })ftG{Q[hV2ڥS+ T%pF6I=/kalNEnOI/NZmOOSM'%'׊4 [”bB IuhX0iq=E)_u#&eu]q 1ވmeqVe=.DaMG"#q(#Zegø@H(q.l'QWugH<Ȁyp|[|0Nj:ԕ6D9ǑA!;t%J]- JVV?%Y}iEu*tRy)} cs>" f>7[CӐ6k[K *R{%$ w'ޘ:GbFiJ=WpUD҂²T;~]Ÿ4㩒ly2T3T&$~7$2J씀ʫ۵bz;CpSڵ%ݎR$.ɷU֔0=y>) 'qigL$Bme ?#XZHuO!kLq sm޿.SVyJz~3ۃC Oas "-eJ *KQV6lEr]y yP=*XLYu:ϮHDZ,ܕwwR}aNs!=ڞuva=T1锌T^b9V͏'Cok=͕ͥ9R$xTkW.~E+` e_jGYzJl(8ڌHp6 e2cKly?Zq)YÊu%)|Hto-a` )KTvL@cWyԋ­Jܟw֔*[/Z,)Io-sM//.;)$PTRʾiV2>P=CqbŠ"'Jt0.22@{[NuoC7#MXZneDXKd) ia#q,|E [eyܸJFTBsQDžZnzgpwQ?;Z۝mjm}E$)'*v{t |0R0ڒI>?.*-kæR܉+Z3}J_6.`CIǍG6{)tHe{; RMI` u.GiI> E^ƳȑjmcLý~MJu 7gyϥ-ʟc̀eoRՓ[k,O"xHщrCRs3 8B]N䓱WSZ(eJRw:5]%O͎xиGQH VɌ6VB#IMćEu.oaYWU.x Rs5e퓝,X#hǑ!eJ O2 *t @-ΐN0ZuI9%?{cC۔fN9ZPʆG/Te}̎m$`s-s4=q]#dt-Js+׉knYRpR/;)-'kue7rC ?OtVԆI,-Ad悵tR*q $rw6_8,N@l15w\JLƛtrmnq=|VPJ>[}*REvˠZ'٩G嗠|Kɕb_<@%IF}#[kG{5IK S6oRNt[|%\mP|Z.RDx'|1n@7yxLXH# mj$RIgEgQq\a☊xCI6ӷVa]e0<$qDuܟp2Pӎ|#ǭW (W[ !ĖmP'ϵ:t-U˄ru ?_ e;F^o}Cpbʡ"\͚j˨AH%k.+u&umwzڜu=1~bʘ6Ijcpl&! Pw>tviZZm!11Wخ]_}t/%Gdl΢E5YS;PQO(-ǮmU"ZO^’qK̷/OHLHeNG)s k"_Zzi꺂T?(Љ~ ;m ګM,ji_ ҃ H7p %⥶[=rЭU8 ֛1P3ng!ٺ7,5jPm$8W?Tl@!,< I*SZ${S|<3b]-6pS~6Խ f٤FEmƜF@‡ޑtuӶ6.7 e2XDŽyS@.:DŽ4kgZ!G Ks~&#NmCr6uaG) pF(r?g͎ɍtBBT\)?QH[vJSOt ~LɌU{$FI(>mwk$m+-(&1moZ4 )S_yGש2H-aH2sYM);#n4=>┶, ҎPI@*OFvȩ[#NFWx)2#*nSefErCm? yt6vn ,ܵsu8~+OJ*#Li_I')!W.!v] !(vݸ[K^䁸?3Ri)rHuO>>BS 4!m=RT q;%҇{1#p.-ʀeXQv9Gt l~t/[gjvXdGJA (wow~X \6f0Db}@$󺡸ЁַKn2iF(essz{x^q̈́7BH>;X.6 *|r:.\R%yRR2N P7-/aG]޻iA ܌wǵs6{Y_GR]X(H WT|btHʶ(Ez NK]6P9(PN;ް8bTKDJ崯اJ5UR ah #5phYK=D7=+G;n'i;q\.-ԕlJn\nt8 ߱:n:7jwT7HPZ7Lj iKՋB[hfR: oJVHX.H8){ȉ$n{=˳zq? -dBTs͔<;'k+;i\lsV.ZRJG N(%q \ޭĈB1BR|gh:c/\ձ2q~R{Tyc!թk[~b{щ "gE带^3_[KR̠֒>79rm[Z~RǓ-U*x z[rn h<ǝDlmsJN֒eLRQL {owN6[nEֲTGAIA9[]s+^Kx9^Y7zNu7z%t@ j٫wݡ.Vۙxn>UwZf)75؅r2VF mǶl6$ɕooK9Au3E<O~U6N,lZѥufY]Dm'۞JS m̋e7HjZʑ!QU)$<ͺO^VtsZ\O0*xw!cҭloqF$KV*1s .sR/ L*8; {ƮJ?qķMEA.].-6QJl~[NO8Bq[u5&"+ښ)RT|=a!9mq[Hmr8="C8̕$\K0}xq٥o+Bq Y%eJOU(}<ӤdW;U #;Ԯ~sˊ!RJ:#m"y†JRoXBVyRG:eIShR[6JӸ5qEi6Q*T*O;:(j֔ݹLK'eQEJ7H@j` @#}mG_sjTOCK ƛ dTO NIqHR96Fwn>OO p\qR7`g5EYw X2թøj-NeMT t&ul ũjQɬŽR?$(Nqxi`Fp)KR P*V4?*TVF?