Gut bacteria-derived metabolites, such as butyrate (BUT), induce T regulatory cells through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC). Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with important effector and regulatory functions; little is known on the effect of BUT on NK cells. Here we aimed at evaluating whether BUT affects the epigenetic landscape of human NK cells. We found that BUT inhibits HDAC on human NK cells. Through ATAC sequencing, we demonstrated that BUT affects the chromatin accessibility of human NK cells, influencing, among others, genetic pathways related to immune regulation, response to viruses, chromatin remodeling and genes encoding for micro-RNAs. We identified, through analysis of published transcriptomic data, genes specific for NK-cell functional clusters, and we overlapped results of ATAC-sequencing, finding that BUT activates genes specific for CD56bright and CD69+CD56dim NK cells, and represses genes specific for non-classical NK cells. Through flow cytometry, we observed that BUT induces CD69+CD56dim NK cells. Finally, we found increased cytotoxicity of BUT-treated CD56bright NK cells towards CD25+ and CD69+ T cells, despite a trend towards decreased suppressor function towards total autologous CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we show that BUT affects the epigenetic landscape of human NK cells, their phenotype and regulatory function.
Carlini, F., Squillario, M., Casella, V. et al. Butyrate enhances CD56bright NK cell-driven killing of activated T cells and modulates NK cell chromatin accessibility.
Genes Immun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00338-2
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00338-2 bu içeriği en az 2500 kelime olacak şekilde ve alt başlıklar ve madde içermiyecek şekilde ünlü bir science magazine için İngilizce olarak yeniden yaz. Teknik açıklamalar içersin ve viral olacak şekilde İngilizce yaz. Haber dışında başka bir şey içermesin. Haber içerisinde en az 14 paragraf ve her bir paragrafta da en az 80 kelime olsun. Cevapta sadece haber olsun. Ayrıca haberi yazdıktan sonra içerikten yararlanarak aşağıdaki başlıkların bilgisi var ise haberin altında doldur. Eğer bilgi yoksa ilgili kısmı yazma.:
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Carlini, F., Squillario, M., Casella, V. et al. Butyrate enhances CD56bright NK cell-driven killing of activated T cells and modulates NK cell chromatin accessibility.
Genes Immun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00338-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00338-2
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