Dietary reference intakes (DRI) or dietary reference values (DRV) are terms used to describe vitamin D requirements for the general population. 25(OH)D in serum concentration is presumed to be a vitamin D biomarker. The cause-effect relationship of ingesting vitamin D and its effect on health is the objective of vitamin D recommendations. Generally, a dose-response relationship is characterised by serum 25(OH) concentrations on musculoskeletal health consequences and sometimes extra-skeletal health outcomes. A target 25(OH)D serum concentration is established, which is then used to calculate the estimated average requirement (EAR) and RDA of vitamin D. The daily nutrient intake level, on average, that is adequate to meet the requirement of half and 97.5% of healthy individuals at a certain life stage for different genders is defined as EAR and RDA, respectively. Harinarayan,67; Pilz et al. 68. The dietary reference intakes of various countries are shown in the Table 1. For Indians, the RDA for all age groups is 600 IU/day, except for children less than 12 months at 400 IU/day and the geriatric group at 800 IU/day. The Institute of Medicine for the US and Canada suggested an RDA for all age groups similar to that for Indians, except the geriatric age groups at aged over 70 years, for whom the RDA is 800IU/day. For Europe, EFSA has recommended an adequate intake (AI) for all age groups to be 600 IU/day, except for infants at 400 IU/day. The adequate intake (AI) for Germany, Austria, and Switzerland is suggested to be 800 IU/day for all age groups, except infants at 400 IU/day.
Table 1 Dietary reference values (DRV)/ dietary reference intakes (DRI) for vitamin DFull size table
Deepika, Kumari, A., Singh, S. et al. Vitamin D: recent advances, associated factors, and its role in combating non-communicable diseases.
npj Sci Food 9, 100 (2025).
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Deepika, Kumari, A., Singh, S. et al. Vitamin D: recent advances, associated factors, and its role in combating non-communicable diseases.
npj Sci Food 9, 100 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00460-5
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Tags: dietary reference intakesglobal dietary guidelines for vitamin Dhealth effects of vitamin Dmusculoskeletal health and vitamin DNon-Communicable Diseases PreventionRDA and EAR calculationsserum 25(OH)D biomarkervitamin D intake for different age groupsvitamin D recommendationsVitamin D requirementsvitamin D role in public healthvitamin D supplementation strategies
